Budget Constraint and Utility Maximization

 BUDGET CONSTRAINT 

Budget constraint refers to all the combinations of goods and services that a consumer can buy at current prices within the limits of his or her income. Consumer theory examines the parameters of consumer choices using the concepts of a budget constraint and a preference map. In the two-good case, both concepts have ready graphical representations. The consumer can only buy as much as their income allows, so they are restricted by their budget. A budget constraint is the total number of items you can afford within your current budget. A budget constraint illustrates the range of options available within that budget. 



UTILITY MAXIMIZATION

Utility maximization refers to the idea that individuals and businesses want to get the most satisfaction out of their economic decisions. It is also the idea that consumers and businesses want to get the most out of their purchases in terms of satisfaction or utility. Utility maximization can also refer to other decisions, such as the best number of hours for labor to supply. Working more increases income while decreasing leisure time. In classical economics, utility maximization is a key concept. It arose as a result of the utilitarian philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Utility maximization was incorporated into economic theory by early economists such as Alfred Marshall.




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